深入理解sizeof

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深入理解sizeof


作者：房秉毅

　　最近在论坛里总有人问关于sizeof的问题，并且本人对这个问题也一直没有得到很好的解决，索性今天对它来个较为详细的总结，同时结合strlen进行比较，如果能对大家有点点帮助，这是我最大的欣慰了。

一、好首先看看sizeof和strlen在MSDN上的定义：

首先看一MSDN上如何对sizeof进行定义的：

sizeof Operatorsizeof expressionThe sizeof keyword gives the amount of storage, in bytes, associated with a variable or a type (including aggregate types). This keyword returns a value of type size_t.The expression is either an identifier or a type-cast expression (a type specifier enclosed in parentheses).When applied to a structure type or variable, sizeof returns the actual size, which may include padding bytes inserted for alignment. When applied to a statically dimensioned array, sizeof returns the size of the entire array. The sizeof operator cannot return the size of dynamically allocated arrays or external arrays.

然后再看一下对strlen是如何定义的：

strlenGet the length of a string.Routine Required Header：strlen <string.hsize_t strlen( const char *string );Parameterstring：Null-terminated string LibrariesAll versions of the C run-time libraries.Return ValueEach of these functions returns the number of characters in string, excluding the terminal NULL. No return value is reserved to indicate an error.RemarksEach of these functions returns the number of characters in string, not including the terminating null character. wcslen is a wide-character version of strlen; the argument of wcslen is a wide-character string. wcslen and strlen behave identically otherwise.

char* ss = "0123456789";sizeof(ss) 结果 4 ＝＝＝》ss是指向字符串常量的字符指针sizeof(*ss) 结果 1 ＝＝＝》*ss是第一个字符char ss[] = "0123456789";sizeof(ss) 结果 11 ＝＝＝》ss是数组，计算到位置，因此是10＋1sizeof(*ss) 结果 1 ＝＝＝》*ss是第一个字符char ss[100] = "0123456789";sizeof(ss) 结果是100 ＝＝＝》ss表示在内存中的大小 100×1strlen(ss) 结果是10 ＝＝＝》strlen是个函数内部实现是用一个循环计算到为止之前int ss[100] = "0123456789";sizeof(ss) 结果 400 ＝＝＝》ss表示再内存中的大小 100×4strlen(ss) 错误 ＝＝＝》strlen的参数只能是char* 且必须是以''''结尾的char q[]="abc";char p[]="an";sizeof(q),sizeof(p),strlen(q),strlen(p);结果是 4 3 3 2      

class X{int i;int j;char k;};X x;cout<<sizeof(X)<<endl; 结果 12 ＝＝＝》内存补齐cout<<sizeof(x)<<endl; 结果 12 同上

char szPath[MAX_PATH]

short f();printf("%dn", sizeof(f()));

char str[20]="0123456789";int a=strlen(str); //a=10;int b=sizeof(str); //而b=20;

fun(char [8])fun(char [])