VC/VB 进行图像数据存储数据库心得

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网上经常有人问如何把图像存入数据库中，原先我也是不得要领。经过多方指点和自己在开发过程中的摸索，终于解决这一问题。下面给出用VC，VB如何操作图像文件存取数据库的原码，帮助一些还没有掌握方法的朋友（均用ADO连接数据库）。

一、VC把一个文件存入数据库

CFile imagefile;
if(0 == imagefile.Open("d:usermp.bmp",CFile::modeRead))
return;
_RecordsetPtr pRs = NULL;
_ConnectionPtr pConnection = NULL;
_variant_t varChunk;
HRESULT hr;
BYTE* pbuf;
long nLength = imagefile.GetLength();
pbuf = new BYTE[nLength+2];
if(pbuf == NULL)
return; //allocate memory error;
imagefile.Read(pbuf,nLength); //read the file into memory

BYTE *pBufEx;
pBufEx = pbuf;
//build a SAFFERRAY
SAFEARRAY* psa;
SAFEARRAYBOUND rgsabound[1];
rgsabound[0].lLbound = 0;
rgsabound[0].cElements = nLength;
psa = SafeArrayCreate(VT_UI1, 1, rgsabound);

for (long i = 0; i nLength; i++)
SafeArrayPutElement (psa, &i, pBufEx++);
VARIANT varBLOB;
varBLOB.vt = VT_ARRAY | VT_UI1;
varBLOB.parray = psa;

_bstr_t strCnn("Provider=SQLOLEDB.1;Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;Initial Catalog=CUSTOM;Data Source=SERVER");
try
{
//Open a connection
pConnection.CreateInstance(__uuidof(Connection));
hr = pConnection-Open(strCnn,"","",NULL); //Connect a DataBase
pRs.CreateInstance(__uuidof(Recordset));
pRs-Open("CustomInfo",_variant_t((IDispatch *) pConnection,true),adOpenKeyset,adLockOptimistic,adCmdTable); //Open a Table

// pRs-AddNew();
pRs-Fields-GetItem("Image")-AppendChunk(varBLOB);
pRs-Update();
pRs-Close();
pConnection-Close();
}
catch(_com_error &e)
{
// Notify the user of errors if any.
_bstr_t bstrSource(e.Source());
_bstr_t bstrDescription(e.Description());
CString sError;
sError.Format("Source : %s Description : %s",(LPCSTR)bstrSource,(LPCSTR)bstrDescription);
AfxMessageBox(sError);
}

_RecordsetPtr pRs = NULL;
_ConnectionPtr pConnection = NULL;
_variant_t varChunk;
HRESULT hr;
VARIANT varBLOB;
_bstr_t strCnn("Provider=SQLOLEDB.1;Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;Initial Catalog=CUSTOM;Data Source=SERVER");
try
{
//Open a connection
pConnection.CreateInstance(__uuidof(Connection));
hr = pConnection-Open(strCnn,"","",NULL);
pRs.CreateInstance(__uuidof(Recordset));
pRs-Open("CustomInfo",_variant_t((IDispatch *) pConnection,true),adOpenKeyset,adLockOptimistic,adCmdTable);
//read data
long lDataLength = pRs-Fields-GetItem("Image")-ActualSize;
varBLOB = pRs-GetFields()-GetItem("Image")-GetChunk(lDataLength);
if(varBLOB.vt == (VT_ARRAY | VT_UI1))
{
BYTE *pBuf = NULL;
pBuf = (BYTE*)GlobalAlloc(GMEM_FIXED,lDataLength);
SafeArrayAccessData(varBLOB.parray,(void **)pBuf);
//Build a File in Windows Temp Directory
char tmpPath[_MAX_PATH+1];
GetTempPath(_MAX_PATH,tmpPath);
CString strFileName = "temp.bmp";
strFileName = tmpPath+strFileName;

CFile outFile(strFileName,CFile::modeCreate|CFile::modeWrite);
LPSTR buffer = (LPSTR)GlobalLock((HGLOBAL)pBuf);
outFile.WriteHuge(buffer,lDataLength);
GlobalUnlock((HGLOBAL)pBuf);
outFile.Close();
SafeArrayUnaccessData (varBLOB.parray);
}
pRs-Close();
pConnection-Close();
}
catch(_com_error &e)
{
// Notify the user of errors if any.
_bstr_t bstrSource(e.Source());
_bstr_t bstrDescription(e.Description());
CString sError;
sError.Format("Source : %s Description : %s",(LPCSTR)bstrSource,(LPCSTR)bstrDescription);
AfxMessageBox(sError);
}

三、VB把文件存入数据库IMAGE字段

Sub savepic(FileName As String, IndexNumber As Long)
Dim DcnNWind As New ADODB.Connection
Dim rs As ADODB.Recordset
Set rs = New ADODB.Recordset
DcnNWind.CursorLocation = adUseClient
DcnNWind.Open "Provider=SQLOLEDB.1;Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;Initial Catalog=CUSTOM;Data Source=SERVER"
rs.CursorType = adOpenKeyset
rs.LockType = adLockOptimistic
rs.Open "CustomInfo", DcnNWind, , adCmdTable
rs.Move (IndexNumber)
Call FileToBlob(rs.Fields("Image"), FileName, FileLen(FileName))
rs.UpdateBatch adAffectCurrent
End Sub

Private Sub FileToBlob(fld As ADODB.Field, FileName As String, Optional ChunkSize As Long )
Dim fnum As Integer, bytesLeft As Long, bytes As Long
Dim tmp() As Byte
If (fld.Attributes And adFldLong) = 0 Then
Err.Raise 1001, , "Field doesn't support the GetChunk method."
End If
fnum = FreeFile
Open FileName For Binary As fnum
bytesLeft = LOF(fnum)
Do While bytesLeft
bytes = bytesLeft
If bytes ChunkSize Then bytes = ChunkSize
ReDim tmp(1 To bytes) As Byte
Get #1, , tmp
fld.AppendChunk tmp
bytesLeft = bytesLeft - bytes
Loop
Close #fnum
End Sub

四、VB把文件从IMAGE字段中读到文件中

Sub loadpic(IndexNumber As Long)
Dim DcnNWind As New ADODB.Connection
Dim rs As ADODB.Recordset
Set rs = New ADODB.Recordset
DcnNWind.CursorLocation = adUseClient
DcnNWind.Open "Provider=SQLOLEDB.1;Integrated Security=SSI;Persist Security Info=False;Initial Catalog=CUSTOM;Data Source=SERVER"
rs.CursorType = adOpenKeyset
rs.LockType = adLockOptimistic
rs.Open "CustomInfo", DcnNWind, , adCmdTable
rs.Move (IndexNumber)
Call BlobToFile(rs.Fields("Image"), "c:windowsempmp.bmp", rs.Fields("Image").ActualSize)
End Sub

Private Sub BlobToFile(fld As ADODB.Field, FileName As String, Optional ChunkSize As Long )
Dim fnum As Integer, bytesLeft As Long, bytes As Long
Dim tmp() As Byte
If (fld.Attributes And adFldLong) = 0 Then
Err.Raise 1001, , "Field doesn't support the GetChunk method."
End If
If Dir$(FileName) "" Then Kill FileName
fnum = FreeFile
Open FileName For Binary As fnum
bytesLeft = fld.ActualSize
Do While bytesLeft
bytes = bytesLeft
If bytes ChunkSize Then bytes = ChunkSize
tmp = fld.GetChunk(bytes)
Put #fnum, , tmp
bytesLeft = bytesLeft - bytes
Loop
Close #fnum
End Sub