动态修改.Net StreamReader Encoding编码

2016-02-19 17:56 24 1 收藏

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  原文网址:http://www.blogwind.com/Wuvist/42999.shtml

   

  在.Net framework中StreamReader的使用encoding必须在构造器中指定,而且中途完全不可以更改。

  在一般的情况下,这不会造成什么问题。一般若是从硬盘读取文件,单一文件内的编码一般都是统一的。即便是发现读错,亦可以关闭StreamReader,重启使用新的编码读取。

  偏偏偶最近遇到了需要修改编码的需求,而且,我的程序没有关闭重读的机会。因为偶使用的StreamReader的BaseStream是一个Network Stream,我不可以关闭它……但是Network Stream传过来的东西很可能包涵不同的编码……GB2312,Big5,UTF8,ISO-8859-1等等……虽然是先得到编码信息,然后再读具体内容,但是,一开始使用的Stream Reader编码一旦错了,读出来的东西便再也无法恢复……会丢字之类的……

  我也不可以在获得编码信息之后,重新建立一个新的Stream Reader,因为具体内容已经被原来的Stream Reader给缓冲掉了……

  唯一的解决方法,便是自己实现一个可以改变CurrentEncoding属性的Stream Reader了……

  全部从头写起非常不实际,偶是先当了mono的源码,从mono的Stream Reader实现代码做修改。

  Stream Reader其实很简单,它内部有两个Buffer,一个是input buffer,一个是decoded buffer,前者用于缓存从base stream读过来的原始数据,后者用于缓存根据原始数据解码出来后的东西……只要看明白mono的实现中ReadBuffer这个方法,要动态修改CurrentEncoding也就不是太难了……

  我需要处理的网络协议是一个行协议……偶在程序中只调用了StreamReader的Readline方法,而完全没有使用Read的两个方法,这也使得偶动态修改编码容易了许多……

(本文来源于图老师网站,更多请访问http://www.tulaoshi.com/webkaifa/)

  偶的做法是每次调用Readline的时候,不仅移动decoded buffer的游标(pos),同时也移动input buffer一个新的游标(pos_input),做法很简单,Readline方法需要调用FindNextEOL移动游标查找换行符号……我在FindNextEOL方法添加多一行:
    int FindNextEOL ()
    {
     FindNextInputEOL();
     ....

  而FindNextInputEOL这个新的函数,完全是FindNextEOL的翻版,只是前者处理input buffer,而后者处理decoded buffer……

  如此一来,我便可以知道每次Readline之后,input buffer中还没有被上层读到的原始数据有哪些了……

  然后,再把CurrentEncoding属性添加Set的方法:
  set
     {
      encoding=value;
      decoder = encoding.GetDecoder();
      decoded_count = pos + decoder.GetChars (input_buffer, pos_input, cbEncoded , pos_input, decoded_buffer, pos);
     }

  设定新编码时,程序便根据input buffer的游标(pos_input)把没有被读到的原始数据重新decode一次,并且替换掉decoded buffer中的内容。

  然后,事情就搞定了……甚至不需要对Readline方法做任何修改……除了把cbEncoded这个变量放到全局里面外……

  但是,偶这个修改使得Read的两个方法变得完全不可以用……一旦调用了……便会使得input buffer与decoded buffer里面两个游标不同步……下面附上完整的代码,还望有大侠可以帮忙把Read的两个方法也给搞定了…… 先谢过……

   

  /
  // System.IO.StreamReader.cs
  //
  // Author:
  //   Dietmar Maurer (dietmar@ximian.com)
  //   Miguel de Icaza (miguel@ximian.com)
  //
  // (C) Ximian, Inc.  http://www.ximian.com
  // Copyright (C) 2004 Novell (http://www.novell.com)
  //

  //
  // Copyright (C) 2004 Novell, Inc (http://www.novell.com)
  //
  // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
  // a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
  // "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
  // without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
  // distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
  // permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
  // the following conditions:
  //
  // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
  // included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  //
  // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
  // EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
  // MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
  // NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
  // LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
  // OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
  // WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
  //

  using System;
  using System.Text;
  using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

  namespace System.IO
  {
      [Serializable]
      public class DynamicStreamReader : TextReader
      {

          const int DefaultBufferSize = 1024;
          const int DefaultFileBufferSize = 4096;
          const int MinimumBufferSize = 128;

          //
          // The input buffer
          //
          byte [] input_buffer;

          //
          // The decoded buffer from the above input buffer
          //
          char [] decoded_buffer;

          //
          // Decoded bytes in decoded_buffer.
          //
          int decoded_count;

          //
          // Current position in the decoded_buffer
          //
          int pos;

          //
          // Current position in the input_buffer
          //
          int pos_input;

          //
          // The buffer size that we are using
          //
          int buffer_size;

          int do_checks;
         
          Encoding encoding;
          Decoder decoder;

          Stream base_stream;
          bool mayBlock;
          StringBuilder line_builder;

          private class NullStreamReader : DynamicStreamReader
          {
              public override int Peek ()
              {
                  return -1;
              }

              public override int Read ()
              {
                  return -1;
              }

              public override int Read ([In, Out] char[] buffer, int index, int count)
              {
                  return 0;
              }

              public override string ReadLine ()
              {
                  return null;
              }

              public override string ReadToEnd ()
              {
                  return String.Empty;
              }

              public override Stream BaseStream
              {
                  get { return Stream.Null; }
              }

              public override Encoding CurrentEncoding
              {
                  get { return Encoding.Unicode; }
              }
          }

          public new static readonly DynamicStreamReader Null =  (DynamicStreamReader)(new NullStreamReader());
         
          internal DynamicStreamReader() {}

          public DynamicStreamReader(Stream stream)
              : this (stream, Encoding.UTF8, true, DefaultBufferSize) { }

          public DynamicStreamReader(Stream stream, bool detect_encoding_from_bytemarks)
              : this (stream, Encoding.UTF8, detect_encoding_from_bytemarks, DefaultBufferSize) { }

          public DynamicStreamReader(Stream stream, Encoding encoding)
              : this (stream, encoding, true, DefaultBufferSize) { }

          public DynamicStreamReader(Stream stream, Encoding encoding, bool detect_encoding_from_bytemarks)
              : this (stream, encoding, detect_encoding_from_bytemarks, DefaultBufferSize) { }
         
          public DynamicStreamReader(Stream stream, Encoding encoding, bool detect_encoding_from_bytemarks, int buffer_size)
          {
              Initialize (stream, encoding, detect_encoding_from_bytemarks, buffer_size);
          }

          public DynamicStreamReader(string path)
              : this (path, Encoding.UTF8, true, DefaultFileBufferSize) { }

          public DynamicStreamReader(string path, bool detect_encoding_from_bytemarks)
              : this (path, Encoding.UTF8, detect_encoding_from_bytemarks, DefaultFileBufferSize) { }

          public DynamicStreamReader(string path, Encoding encoding)
              : this (path, encoding, true, DefaultFileBufferSize) { }

          public DynamicStreamReader(string path, Encoding encoding, bool detect_encoding_from_bytemarks)
              : this (path, encoding, detect_encoding_from_bytemarks, DefaultFileBufferSize) { }
         
          public DynamicStreamReader(string path, Encoding encoding, bool detect_encoding_from_bytemarks, int buffer_size)
          {
              if (null == path)
                  throw new ArgumentNullException("path");
              if (String.Empty == path)
                  throw new ArgumentException("Empty path not allowed");
              if (path.IndexOfAny (Path.InvalidPathChars) != -1)
                  throw new ArgumentException("path contains invalid characters");
              if (null == encoding)
                  throw new ArgumentNullException ("encoding");
              if (buffer_size = 0)
                  throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("buffer_size", "The minimum size of the buffer must be positive");

(本文来源于图老师网站,更多请访问http://www.tulaoshi.com/webkaifa/)

              string DirName = Path.GetDirectoryName(path);
              if (DirName != String.Empty && !Directory.Exists(DirName))
                  throw new DirectoryNotFoundException ("Directory '" + DirName + "' not found.");
              if (!File.Exists(path))
                  throw new FileNotFoundException("File not found.", path);

              Stream stream = (Stream) File.OpenRead (path);
              Initialize (stream, encoding, detect_encoding_from_bytemarks, buffer_size);
          }

          internal void Initialize (Stream stream, Encoding encoding, bool detect_encoding_from_bytemarks, int buffer_size)
          {
              if (null == stream)
                  throw new ArgumentNullException ("stream");
              if (null == encoding)
                  throw new ArgumentNullException ("encoding");
              if (!stream.CanRead)
                  throw new ArgumentException ("Cannot read stream");
              if (buffer_size = 0)
                  throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("buffer_size", "The minimum size of the buffer must be positive");

              if (buffer_size MinimumBufferSize)
                  buffer_size = MinimumBufferSize;

              base_stream = stream;
              input_buffer = new byte [buffer_size];
              this.buffer_size = buffer_size;
              this.encoding = encoding;
              decoder = encoding.GetDecoder ();

              byte [] preamble = encoding.GetPreamble ();
              do_checks = detect_encoding_from_bytemarks ? 1 : 0;
              do_checks += (preamble.Length == 0) ? 0 : 2;
             
              decoded_buffer = new char [encoding.GetMaxCharCount (buffer_size)];
              decoded_count = 0;
              pos = 0;
              pos_input =0;
          }

          public virtual Stream BaseStream
          {
              get
              {
                  return base_stream;
              }
          }

          public virtual Encoding CurrentEncoding
          {
              get
              {
                  if (encoding == null)
                      throw new Exception ();
                  return encoding;
              }
              set
              {
                  encoding=value;
                  decoder = encoding.GetDecoder();
                  decoded_count = pos + decoder.GetChars (input_buffer, pos_input, cbEncoded - pos_input, decoded_buffer, pos);
                  //DiscardBufferedData();
              }
          }

          public override void Close ()
          {
              Dispose (true);
          }

          protected override void Dispose (bool disposing)
          {
              if (disposing && base_stream != null)
                  base_stream.Close ();
             
              input_buffer = null;
              decoded_buffer = null;
              encoding = null;
              decoder = null;
              base_stream = null;
              base.Dispose (disposing);
          }

          //
          // Provides auto-detection of the encoding, as well as skipping over
          // byte marks at the beginning of a stream.
          //
          int DoChecks (int count)
          {
              if ((do_checks & 2) == 2)
              {
                  byte [] preamble = encoding.GetPreamble ();
                  int c = preamble.Length;
                  if (count = c)
                  {
                      int i;
                     
                      for (i = 0; i c; i++)
                          if (input_buffer [i] != preamble [i])
                              break;

                      if (i == c)
                          return i;
                  }
              }

              if ((do_checks & 1) == 1)
              {
                  if (count 2)
                      return 0;

                  if (input_buffer [0] == 0xfe && input_buffer [1] == 0xff)
                  {
                      this.encoding = Encoding.BigEndianUnicode;
                      return 2;
                  }

                  if (input_buffer [0] == 0xff && input_buffer [1] == 0xfe)
                  {
                      this.encoding = Encoding.Unicode;
                      return 2;
                  }

                  if (count 3)
                      return 0;

                  if (input_buffer [0] == 0xef && input_buffer [1] == 0xbb && input_buffer [2] == 0xbf)
                  {
                      this.encoding = Encoding.UTF8;
                      return 3;
                  }
              }

              return 0;
          }

          public void DiscardBufferedData ()
          {
              pos = decoded_count = 0;
              mayBlock = false;
              // Discard internal state of the decoder too.
              decoder = encoding.GetDecoder ();
          }
         
          int cbEncoded;
          int parse_start;
          // the buffer is empty, fill it again
          private int ReadBuffer ()
          {
              pos = 0;
              pos_input = 0;
              cbEncoded = 0;

              // keep looping until the decoder gives us some chars
              decoded_count = 0;
              parse_start = 0;
              do   
              {
                  cbEncoded = base_stream.Read (input_buffer, 0, buffer_size);
                 
                  if (cbEncoded == 0)
                      return 0;

                  mayBlock = (cbEncoded buffer_size);
                  if (do_checks 0)
                  {
                      Encoding old = encoding;
                      parse_start = DoChecks (cbEncoded);
                      if (old != encoding)
                      {
                          decoder = encoding.GetDecoder ();
                      }
                      do_checks = 0;
                      cbEncoded -= parse_start;
                  }
                  decoded_count += decoder.GetChars (input_buffer, parse_start, cbEncoded, decoded_buffer, 0);
                  parse_start = 0;
              } while (decoded_count == 0);

              return decoded_count;
          }

          public override int Peek ()
          {
              if (base_stream == null)
                  throw new ObjectDisposedException ("StreamReader", "Cannot read from a closed StreamReader");
              if (pos = decoded_count && (mayBlock || ReadBuffer () == 0))
                  return -1;

              return decoded_buffer [pos];
          }

          public override int Read ()
          {
              throw new Exception("Dynamic Reader could not read!");
          }

          public override int Read ([In, Out] char[] dest_buffer, int index, int count)
          {
              throw new Exception("Dynamic Reader could not read!");
          }

          bool foundCR_input;
          int FindNextInputEOL()
          {
              char c = '

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